Galaxies Form Earlier In An Alternative To LCDM

This isn't a modified gravity theory, but it is an alternative to the "standard model of cosmology" a.k.a. the "concordance model" a.k.a the lambda CDM model, which causes galaxies to form earlier than in lambda CDM consistent with observation. The paper is also notable for clarifying why the lambda CDM model predicts relatively late galaxy formation. Most modified gravity theories also predict galaxy formation sooner than in the lambda CDM model.

A comparison of the R_h=ct and LCDM cosmologies based on the observed halo mass function

Manoj K. Yennapureddy, Fulvio Melia

(Submitted on 27 Jun 2019)

The growth of structure probes the re-ionization history and quasar abundance in the Universe, constituting an important probe of the cosmological predictions. Halos are not directly observable, however, so their mass and evolution must be inferred indirectly. Studies based on the assumption of a constant halo to stellar mass ratio M_h/M_* (extrapolated from z<4) reveal significant tension with LCDM---a failure known as "The Impossibly Early Galaxy Problem". But whether this ratio evolves or remains constant through redshift 4<z<10 is still being debated. To eliminate the tension with LCDM, it would have to change by about 0.8 dex over this range, an issue that may be settled by upcoming observations with the James Webb Space Telescope. In this paper, we study this problem in the context of another Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) model known as the R_h=ct universe, and use our previous measurement of sigma_8 from the cosmological growth rate, together with new solutions to the Einstein-Boltzmann equations, to interpret these recent halo measurements. We demonstrate that the predicted mass and redshift dependence of the halo distribution in R_h=ct is consistent with the data, even assuming a constant M_h/M_* throughout the observed redshift range (4<z<10), contrasting sharply with the tension in LCDM. We conclude that---if M_h/M_* turns out to be constant---the massive galaxies and their halos must have formed earlier than is possible in LCDM.

Comments:	10 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in EPJ-C
Subjects:	Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA); Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
Cite as:	arXiv:1907.00897 [astro-ph.GA]
	(or arXiv:1907.00897v1 [astro-ph.GA] for this version)