There are lots of issues with preon models that model at least some of the Standard Model fundamental particles as composite (experimental limits on compositeness are strict and naively rule them out for simpler models). But this is a more interesting one than most.
We build a framework for Regge trajectories from the Nambu-Goto action. We compute the 6-preon Regge trajectory in a preon model, include the worldsheet conformal anomaly, and build the parameter-free Veneziano amplitude. The amplitude has s-channel poles matching the spectrum to 0.5%, and at fixed-angle scattering decays exponentially with a negative Gross-Mende coefficient, realized numerically to 0.03%.
This is a soft, genuinely non-perturbative ultraviolet completion of the preon model - and thereby of the Standard Model, which emerges as its low-energy limit.
Risto Raitio, "Soft UV Completion of a Preon Model" arXiv:2606.06541 (June 4, 2026).
The model used in this case is spelled out in the introduction:
Quarks and leptons arise as three-preon composites bound at the metacolor scale Λ(cr); the three fermion generations emerge not as a postulated multiplicity but as dynamical excitations of these composites; and the chiral, anomaly-free matter content of one Standard Model family is reproduced from a small set of preon charges. In this picture the Standard Model is the low-energy limit of a confining metacolor gauge theory, much as hadronic physics is the low-energy limit of QCD.
1 comment:
Risto Raitio has been developing this for a long time - see the acknowledgements - it started in the 1970s with the idea that the charm quark is an excited up quark!
I am mildly interested in comparing it with Alejandro's sBootstrap. Maybe a significant difference is that Raitio has susy at the level of preons but not at the level of the composites they form, whereas the sBootstrap is in part about a quasi-susy within the standard model once you include mesons and diquarks alongside the elementary particles.
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